Other Data Coding DecisionsDirection of effect. Studies were coded as positive if theyreported statistically significant improvements in gaitspeed for the exercise group compared with the controlgroup. All other studies were coded as negative (Tabs. 2and 3 show the direction of effect for each studymeasuring habitual and fast gait speeds, respectively).Twenty-two studies that analyzed habitual gait speed(92%) reported a significant improvement in gait speedand 14 studies that analyzed fast gait speed (78%)reported a significant improvement in gait speed.Weighting the articles. To account for differences instudy quality, we used a modified version of Sackett and