We use testdummy to capture the effects of both bank types and sub-periods. Firstly, HCB is an indicator variable taking on a value of 1 for the top quartile banks in terms of the size of their capital buffers in each quarter and zero otherwise whilst Big is an indicator variable taking on a value of 1 for the banks in the top quartile by total asset value in each quarter and zero otherwise. All banks report their risk-based capital from 1996:Q1. The size of capital buffers are measured as banks’ regulatory capital in excess of the minimum required regulatory capital. Secondly, GFC is an indicator variable taking a value of 1 for the sub-period from 2007:Q1 to 2010:Q1 when liquidity was injected by the Federal Reserve through the Term Auction Facility program, and zero for other times. Thirdly, HL is an indicator variable taking on values of 1 for banks in the top quartile by the ratio of total deposits to total assets and zero otherwise.