The instrumentation and practical c

The instrumentation and practical circuitry required for the detection of negative ions exiting the mass analysis section of a mass spectrometer is examined. The potentials needed to bias the electron multiplier when detecting negative ions from a low ion-energy mass spectrometer, e.g., a quadrupole, are contrasted with the biasing requirements of a mass spectrometer having high ion-energies, e.g., a magnetic sector. Methods of decoupling the biasing high voltage on the signal lead of the multiplier in pulse counting measurements are discussed in detail so that normal, ground referenced input, pulse preamplifiers may be used. Easily understood, practical rules for determining the values of circuit components are given together with a simplified theory of transferring pulse signals from multiplier collector to pulse preamplifier. The changes in circuitry needed when attempting to detect ions by current measurement methods from an electron multiplier area detailed. The effects of leakage currents into athe input of the current preamplifier and their avoidance bay using triaxial shielding on vacuum feed-throughs are explained. The article suggests possible methods of decoupling the high voltage referenced input and the ground referenced output of a current measuring preamplifier.

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結果 (中文) 1:

检查仪表和实际的电路所需的负离子退出质谱仪的大规模分析部分的检测。具有高的离子能量，例如，扇形磁质谱计的偏置要求对比偏电子倍增器检测从低能离子质谱仪，例如，四极，负离子时所需的潜力。解耦偏高电压对乘数的脉冲计数测量信号铅详细讨论了，正常人，地面的方法引用输入，可以使用脉冲前置放大器。简单易懂、 实用规则确定电路组件的值给出了与简化转型理论的脉冲信号从乘数收集器脉冲前置放大器。在电路需要时试图检测离子电流的测量方法，从面积电子倍增器的详细变化。到雅典的泄漏电流的影响电流灵敏前置放大器的输入和使用三轴上真空屏蔽他们避免湾引线解释。本文提出了可能的方法的引用的高电压输入和电流的测量灵敏前置放大器的地面引用输出解耦。全文

結果 (中文) 3:

用于检测负离子的检测的负离子的质谱仪的检测的仪器和实际电路检查。电位需要电子倍增器偏置时检测负离子从一个低离子能量质量光谱仪，例如，一个四极，是对比与质谱仪具有高离子能量的偏置要求，E.一个磁性部门。对脉冲计数测量进行了详细的讨论，正常，乘数的信号引起的偏置电压解耦方法地面参考输入，可以使用脉冲放大器。容易理解，确定电路元件的值的实用规则，给出了一个简化的理论，从乘法器集电极脉冲前置放大器的脉冲信号的简化理论。在电路需要的变化，当试图检测离子电流测量方法从一个电子倍增区域详细。为a电流前置放大器和避免湾使用三轴屏蔽真空馈通输入漏电流的影响的说明。本文提出了一种电流测量前置放大器的高电压参考输入和接地基准输出的解耦方法。