This work examines differences in reading attitude, reading comprehension, and use of reading strategy in an active reading context
between collaborative reading with the proposed CRAS-RAIDS support and collaborative reading with traditional paper-based reading
annotations and face-to-face discussion. Therefore, the independent variable was either collaborative reading with CRAS-RAIDS support or
collaborative reading with conventional paper-based reading annotation and face-to-face discussion for two selected Progress in Inter-
national Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) articles. Dependent variables are reading attitude, reading comprehension, and the use of reading
strategies. Reading attitude is assessed using three components