Secondary care is a challenge. Lead paint remediation (the removal of leaded paint) and soil abatement, even when con-ducted by a certied professional,can lead to an increase in BLLs by dispersing lead particulates into the air where they are more accessible to inhalation [9]. In Chicago, most BLLs drop following the intervention (Figure 3),though the extent to which this is environmental as opposed to behavioral is unclear. Worryingly, in 9.3% of the sample, BLLs increased by at least 5 g/dL following remediation. Approximately 46% of children with BLLs over 10 did not receive adequate follow-up testing [16].