An inability to act with awareness was related to ASPD traits above and beyond the contribution of physical aggression. Thus, difficulties in acting with awareness – that is, the tendency to attend to one’s current experiences or activities, as well as to be aware of personal motives and mental states underpinning one’s behavior – were associated with ASPD traits, in line with previous studies which demonstrated the negative association of acting with awareness with personality pathology in general [32]. This finding is consistent with clinical insights that many individuals with ASPD have difficulties explaining the reasons for their violent behavior [8], [10], [18].