Highly specific and potent anti-ouabain antibodies were prepared and concentrated as previously described (Lichtstein, Steinitz et al. 1998; Hodes, Rosen et al. 2016). Rabbit IgG and amphetamine were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO). Anti-ouabain antibodies and IgG were dissolved in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF, Sigma, St. Louis, MO), and administered intracerebroventricularly (ICV), 1 μg/kg in 5 μL of aCSF, under light isoflurane sedation. AMPH (5 mg/kg) was dissolved in normal saline and administered by intraperitoneal (IP) injection