Eleven cytokines were measured in patient plasma beforeand after blood transfusion, using Luminex technology(Th1/Th2 Cytokine 11-Plex Human Procartaplexpanel, ThermoFischer Scientific): GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-1-β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-12 p70, IL-13, IL-18, andTNFα.