In several of these studies, elevated depressive symptoms were measured by using self-report questionnaires. Thus, regardless of whether or not these measures indicate major depression, the psychological distress that they do measure is associated with problematic parent–child interactions. Further, in studies of parents of children with developmental disabilities, research indicates that depressive symptoms are associated with problem behavior in children with developmental disabilities [Floyd and Phillippe, 1993; Baker et al., 2003; Hastings et al., 2006; Lecavalier et al., 2006]. The most prevalent theory of stress in the literature on families of children with developmental disabilities is a multivariate model, the double ABCX theory [McCubbin and Patterson, 1983; Bristol, 1987; Singer and Irvin, 1991]. It is a broad framework positing that outcomes from family encounters with stressful events are the product of an interaction of the nature of the stressor, the way family members appraise it, their resources including social support, and their coping skills.