• Integration and display of a progress and experience measuring component suchas progression bars;• Continuous and prompt feedback;• Provision of long-term as well as short-term goals;• Progressive rewarding for achieving given tasks;• Unanticipated and non-deterministic rewarding mechanism;• Offering a multiplayer mode (e.g., enhancing collaboration and/or challenge).In order to apply these different fundamental principles of game and gamificationdesign, it is important to consider the well-cited Mechanics, Dynamics andAesthetics (MDA) framework (see Fig. 1.3) introduced by Hunicke et al. (2004).Games are defined in terms of the three concepts that form the framework.Following the structure of the MDA framework we now introduce theseconcepts: