As noted, CEO-CFO LSM reflects CFOs’ desires to ingratiate CEOs. A high CEO-CFO LSM indicates that the CFO attempts to ingratiate the CEO and thus s/he is less likely to voice dissent and different opinions, engage in debates with the CEO, or play the role of a “devil’s advocate” in decision making processes. Recent research suggests that the level of opinion conformity that CEOs receive from subordinates can foster their self-enhancing cognitions and lead CEOs to overestimate their judgments and abilities (Park et al., 2011). Meanwhile, given that M&As are associated with high levels of risks, CEOs who tend to overestimate their strategic judgments and capabilities are more likely to undertake intensive M&As (Malmendier & Tate, 2008). In addition, CFOs can play an important role in bottom-up monitoring (Landier et al., 2012). In the presence of CFOs who are unwilling to voice different opinions, CEOs may not receive constructive opposition from the CFOs and may face less constraint in decision making. Consequently, these CEOs are more enabled to engage in intensive M&A activities.